I. Research Objectives
The purpose of this experiment
is to prove that external factors can affect the growth and
development of plants of green beans and corn.
II. Basis Theory
There are two
theories that underlie the practice, namely :
1. Understanding growth and development
Growth can be defined as a
process of accretion size or volume and number of cells is irreversible, or can
not get back into shape. While the development is heading biological change events can
not be expressed with size but with changes in body shape (metamorphosis) and
degree of maturity.
In the process of growth is
always an increase in the volume and weight increase in the number of cells and
protoplasm. In contrast to the growth, development is not a scale that can not
be measured. Developments in plant diawalai since fertilization. Candidate
Plants will change the shape of a fertilized egg into the zygote, embryo, and
eventually into a tree. The process of growth and development in plants begins
with the activity of synthetic raw materials (raw materials) in the form of
simple molecules and molecular complexes. Stages traversed during the hold
process is as follows:
a. Stage of cell division, the stem cells divide into
daughter cells.
b. Expansions phase, ie an increase in cell volume enlargement or children. In plant cells, the increase is usually disebabkanoleh absorption of water into the vacuole.
b. Expansions phase, ie an increase in cell volume enlargement or children. In plant cells, the increase is usually disebabkanoleh absorption of water into the vacuole.
c. Stage of maturation, the development of daughter cells
that have reached a certain size
to be a special form (specialized) through a process of differentiation.
Ultimately formed tissues, organs, and individuals.
2. Factors affecting the growth and development
a. External
factors / environment.
This factor is an external
factor closely related to the process of growth and development. Some of the
external factors that affect plant growth are as follows :
- Water and mineral
- Water and mineral
- Humidity.
- Temperature
- Light
b. Internal factors.
Factors
involving hormones and genes that will control the growth and development of
plants. Where in this case there are several hormones that can control the
growth and development of plants is follows :
Hormone
Auxin: stimulate the growth of flowers.
Hormones
Gibberellins: stimulate stem growth.
Hormones
Cytokines: extend roots.
Hormones
Afserat: inhibit cell elongation.
III. Tools and Materials
a. 10 Mung
Bean Seeds
b. Water.
c. 10 Corn seeds
d. Writing tools
e.
Cotton
f.
2 slass / pots
IV. Step Work Research
a. Fill a glass container of
mineral water with loose soil.
b. Plant
the seeds of green beans into each container that already contains the ground.
c. Then store the crop sector in
the same place but with different distances.
d. Splashing the water plant with
the green beans.
e. Consider that among plants
there are some sunlight
f. Observe growth from day to day
until a few days according watu determined.
g. The
last day of observation, measure the length of leaves, plant height, root length,
and how many
leaves that appear and enter observations into the observation table.
Results growth stems from the calculation of the four plants from the first day until the fourth day.
Crop I Crop Plants II III IV Plant
Today I 0.2 0.1
0.2 0.4
Day II 0.8 0.4
0.8 1.0
Day III 1.2 0.9
0.4 1.5
Day IV 1.5 1.3
0.7 1.9
Table of observations number of leaves, leaf length, plant height and root length of plants last I-IV on the day of the study.
Crop I Crop Plants II III IV Plant
Number of
Leaves 2 cm 2 cm 2 cm 2 cm
Leaf length 0.9
cm 1.4 cm 0.7 cm 1, 8 cm
Trunk height
1.5 cm 1.3 cm 1.7 cm 1.9 cm
The root length
of 6.5 cm 4.5 cm 4.3 cm 4.2 cm
Description of observation:
Ø On the first day of the study, tumbuhyan starting to sprout.
Ø The second
day began to grow roots and stem length.
Ø The third day
the leaves begin to show his form.
Ø On the fourth
day (the last day) of green beans has become a whole plant.
Discussion
Some of the factors that cause the difference in growth between the four tubuhan are:
1. Light Factor:
Useful light for plants, especially
as the energy that will be used for the process of photosynthesis. Light also
plays a role in the formation of chlorophyll. However, light can be as an
inhibitor (inhibitor) on the growth process, this happens because the light can
stimulate the diffusion of auxin to the parts that are not exposed to light.
Thus, the germination process is put in a dark place will cause etiolation
where green beans grow longer but not lush growth.
2. Temperature factors :
Enough
temperature (room temperature) to optimize the plant hormones because the
enzyme / hormones (internal factors) plants is strongly influenced by the
ambient temperature. The more heat or cold room temperature then 마무 the plant hormones do not
work.
3. Water and Nutrition Factor :
3. Water and Nutrition Factor :
Water
is needed by plants as a medium for chemical reactions, and greenery that water
shortages will eventually wither. Apparently the experiment, detergent not only
give water as a medium of chemical reactions but also nourishes it contains
Nitric Acid and Sodium triphosphate, also in the content of manure to fertilize
crops.
The
Result of Practicum
Light room
(outdoor)
|
Seed
|
Green Bean Seed
|
Averange
|
Corn Seed
|
Averange
|
||||||||
|
day
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
|
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
3
|
1,8
|
2,2
|
2,3
|
2,7
|
3,2
|
2,44
|
0
|
1
|
1,1
|
1,7
|
1,9
|
1,14
|
|
4
|
2
|
2,9
|
3,2
|
3,8
|
4
|
3,18
|
0
|
1,6
|
1,8
|
2,2
|
2,7
|
1,66
|
|
5
|
2,1
|
3,6
|
3,8
|
3,9
|
5,6
|
3,8
|
0
|
2,8
|
3,1
|
3,3
|
4,5
|
2,74
|
|
6
|
1,4
|
4,6
|
4,6
|
5,8
|
6,1
|
4,5
|
0
|
4,8
|
5,5
|
6,3
|
6,7
|
4,66
|
|
7
|
0
|
4
|
5,2
|
6,1
|
6,5
|
4,36
|
0
|
5,7
|
5,8
|
6,8
|
7,5
|
5,16
|
Dark room (indoor)
|
Seed
|
Green Bean Seed
|
Averange
|
Corn Seed
|
Averange
|
||||||||
|
day
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
|
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0,5
|
0,6
|
0,8
|
0,38
|
0
|
0
|
0,5
|
0
|
0,6
|
0,22
|
|
3
|
0
|
0,4
|
0,8
|
0,9
|
0,9
|
0,42
|
0,5
|
0
|
0,6
|
0
|
0,7
|
0,36
|
|
4
|
0,3
|
0,7
|
0,5
|
2,6
|
1,7
|
1,56
|
0,7
|
0
|
1,5
|
0,5
|
0,7
|
0,23
|
|
5
|
0,7
|
1,3
|
3,9
|
5,7
|
2,2
|
2,76
|
0,9
|
0
|
2
|
0,7
|
4,5
|
1,62
|
|
6
|
4,4
|
2,8
|
7,8
|
10,3
|
3,1
|
5,68
|
1,5
|
0
|
2,5
|
1,2
|
5
|
2,04
|
|
7
|
8,7
|
6,1
|
12,3
|
10,7
|
4
|
8,36
|
2,1
|
0
|
3,1
|
2,3
|
7,1
|
2,92
|
Conclusion
In its growth, the plant in addition to requiring internal factors for growth also requires external factors such as the adequacy of temperature, water, light and nutrients of course (this has been demonstrated in experiments detergents, where the plant will be more fertile when given in addition to detergents contain water, it also contains macronutrient substances). When there is an imbalance in one of these factors, the plants will not achieve optimal growth.
In its growth, the plant in addition to requiring internal factors for growth also requires external factors such as the adequacy of temperature, water, light and nutrients of course (this has been demonstrated in experiments detergents, where the plant will be more fertile when given in addition to detergents contain water, it also contains macronutrient substances). When there is an imbalance in one of these factors, the plants will not achieve optimal growth.
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